The Mouse Anti-Sm Total Ig ELISA Kit is an im munoassay suitable for quantifying or titering total antibody activity (IgG, IgA and IgM) specific for Sm (Smith) antigen in serum or plasma. Other biological fluids, including tissue culture medium, may be validated for use
Antibodies reactive with autologous nuclear components, such
as DNA and histones, can represent an autoim
mune basis for pathological conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosis
(SLE) in humans. In mice homozygous for the
lymphoproliferation spontaneous mutation (Faslpr), a systemic
autoim munity develops with age which includes elevated levels
of anti-dsDNA and other anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), including
anti-Sm (Smith antigen), a non-histone nuclear protein
associated with ribonucleoprotein particles and having a role in
post-translational pre-messenger RNA processing.
The expanded use in the drug industry of biological modifiers has
been associated with production of autoantibodies, of which
mice, and possibly also other hosts such as humans and
monkeys, are susceptible. A prototype disease in mice is lupus
caused by the drug minocycline, with elevated anti-dsDNA
among other autoantibodies and pathological conditions.
Recent investigations have focused on the role of innate im
mune mechanisms, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and TH2
im munity, responding to the damage-associated molecular
patterns of dying cells, as underlying cause of autoim
munity; these may be induced by drugs, including vaccines and
adjuvants, with aging, or with other health conditions.